This year we celebrated the fifth edition of the GGaps conference, which is slowly but surely making itself a place into everyone's calendar.

The conference hosted many fantastic researchers with a common interest in understanding what stands behind the persistent gender inequalities. Researchers represented different branches, and we could learn from research involving macro-economic general equilibrium models, up to cutting-edge experiments to understanding the role of beliefs in competition between men and women. The conference program demonstrates the diversity existing in the analysis of inequality. The variety of approaches was also evident from the two outstanding keynotes, to whom we are very grateful..

Barbara Petrongolo's plenary lecture asked to reassess the nature of wage declines experienced by women following given birth. This child penalties are a commonplace in explaining gender inequality. And yet, we still don;t know much about the reasons behind the persistent wage decline. Is it the loss of human capital? Are these promotion opportunities that women miss? Barbara uses administrative data from Denmark to learn more about these child penalties. In parenthesis, the choice of Denmark is not casual, the cornerstone paper on child penalty was written using Danish data. In any case, Barbara shows that penalties (at least for women with higher education) are driven by incapacitation effects. That is women cannot work and receive regular wage while on leave. This mechanically lowers earnings, leading to a lasting penalty.

In the second lecture, Nina Smith eexplored the introduction of gender quotas on boards and the (lack of) effects on gender inequality. She also works with amazing data from Denmark, and shows that while firms complied with gender quotas, this did not result in an increase in women at lower echelons. The growth in representation did not extend beyond the bodies directly affected by the legislation. Amidst a 

Among the fantastic applications submitted by doctoral students, the Scientific Committee decided to distinguish two "pearls". The Grand Prize was awarded to Wenqi Lu for her article "Joint Time or Purchased Goods? The Togetherness Value and Intrahousehold Allocation". A special mention went to Nicole Venus for her work "The representation of female economists on Wikipedia". Congratulations!

We would like to thank the invited guests, all speakers and involved commentators. Thanks to you, your substantive commitment and your positive comments, we can officially say that next year is another success of the conference - and we already invite you to the 2024 edition!